Novel Schiff base has been synthesized from the reaction of 4,4’-diaminodiphenyl sulfide with 2-hydroxy- 5-substituebenzaldehyde and 2-hydroxynaphtaldehyde. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, ¹H NMR,¹³C NMR. The UV-visible spectra of the compounds were studied in polar and nonpolar solvents in acidic and basic media. İt is point out that the enol-imine tautomer is dominant only in the solution form the compound 1a-e. 

The new non-metal cation (NMC) pentaborate structures of cationic histidine and arginine aminoacids were synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic ( ¹¹B NMR and IR) methods. Their thermal properties have been investigated by TG/DrTG-DTA. The histidine NMC pentaborate, [C₆H₁₀N₃O₂][B₅O₆(OH)₄].4H₂O and the arginine pentaborate, [C₆H₁₃N₄O₂][B₅O₆(OH)₄]₂.3H₂O are formulated with 4 and 3 waters of crystallization, respectively. The histidine pentaborate is more stable than the arginine pentaborate to thermal decomposition, but both decompose thermally via initial dehydration followed by loss of amino acid fragments to afford glassy B₂O₃. 

Iron, copper and zinc at toxic levels were found in water and sediment structure of Kucukcekmece Lake. In the research area, algae blooms have been observed dependent upon anthropogenic and abiotic factors at certain periods. Cyanobacteria species have been observed as dominant microorganism during algae bloom. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the toxic effects of various heavy metals on the Synechocystis sp. E35 isolated from Kucukcekmece Lagoon, Istanbul. Toxicity of Zn⁺², Fe⁺², Cu⁺² and of metal mixture (Zn⁺²- Cu⁺², Zn⁺²-Fe⁺², Fe⁺²-Cu⁺² and Fe⁺²-Cu⁺²-Zn⁺²) are investigated in the laboratory scale. The order of toxicity of the metals to the Synechocystis sp. E35 is Cu⁺²> Zn⁺²>Fe⁺² in growth media. The EC₅₀
values of the Zn⁺², Fe⁺², Cu⁺² on the inhibition of the growth of E35 isolate: are 6.94, 13.92 and 3.42 mg/l, respectively. Besides, combination of ternary metal systems showed stronger inhibitory effect on cells are 0.02 and 2.93 mg/l, respectively. 

138 owl pellets of long-eared owl, Asio otus were analyzed in the suburban area in Beytepe, Ankara. The re- sults showed the preferred diet of long-eared owl in summer time and evaluated owl prefence for small mam- mals in suburban areas. Mammals constituted all preys of the owl. The Günther’s vole, Microtus guentheri, was the main food of the long-eared owl, Microtus guentheri constituted 43.7% of the prey items, Microtus sp., can not identified, 17.4%, Apodemus flavicollis 11.3%, Mus macedonicus 10.8%, Microtus levis 7.5%, Rattus norvegi- cus 4.2%, Crocidura suavolens 2.8%, Nannospalax nehringi 1.4%, Cricetulus migratorius 0.9%. Pellets’ content indicated that the long-eared owl consumes 1 to 5 preys per pellet which depends on the size of prey species. Average prey per pellet was found to be 1.72. A total of 9 species contributed to diet, 213 prey individuals with a total amount of 8383.5 g in biomass were found. 

Alternating copolymer of maleic anhydride (MA) with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) is synthesized by free radical polymerization reaction. Solubility of the copolymer in certain solvents is investigated by different algorithmic approaches such as Van Krevelen Hoftyzer (VKH), Hoy and Askadskii. Spectral characterization of that copolymer is achieved by FTIR, ¹H, ¹³C NMR spectroscopic methods whereas the polymer hydrodynamic behavior of the copolymer is investigated by viscometric method for comparison purpose with that obtained from the solubility profile through algorithmic calculations. 

In this research 48 angiosperm taxa are given as new record collected for C1 square, Aydın-Paşayaylası. 

The effects of Cr(VI) stress (0, 75, 150 and 225 μM) on Cr accumulation, growth, d-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity, photosynthetic pigments content, proline content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, antioxidant enzymes activity and 2-D protein profile were investigated using Cr-tolerant (Zeynelağa) and Cr-sensitive (Orza-96) barley cultivars. Zeynelağa accumulated significantly higher Cr in shoots than Orza- 96. Zeynelağa had a lower reduction in shoot dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents than Orza-96. Although Cr(VI) significantly reduced the ALAD activity, there was no consistent difference between ALAD activities of barley cultivars. Cr(VI) increased proline and MDA contents, but this effect was more pronounced in Orza-96. Cr(VI) stress caused an increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT). There was, in general, a marked difference between two barley cultivars in the extent of increased antioxidant enzyme activity. The results of the present study indicated that Zeynelağa seems to have better defense mechanisms to Cr(VI) stress compared to Orza-96. On the other hand, protein profile analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed differential expression of 26 proteins. 

This paper describes a floristic study on Bağlıca Campus area of Başkent University in Ankara province. 779 vascular plant specimens were collected between 2008 March and 2009 August in 26 field trips. 373 species, 382 taxa of natural plants belonging to 216 genera and 51 families were determined, which of 63 taxa are endemic to Turkey (16.5%). Except for these, 45 taxa are detected as cultivated plants. The distribution of the phytogeographical elements is as follows: Irano – Turanian 119 taxa (31.2%), Mediterranean 20 taxa (5.2%), Euro – Siberian 15 taxa (3.9%), pluriregional or phytogeographically unknown 228 taxa (59.7%). As a result of present paper, the three largest families are Asteraceae with 52 taxa (13.6%), Fabaceae with 44 taxa (11.5%) and Lamiaceae with 33 taxa (8.6%). The largest three genera are Astragalus with 19 taxa (5.0%), Salvia with 11 taxa (2.9%) and Centaurea with 10 taxa (2.6%). The results of our research are compared with the studied neighbouring areas by means of phytogeographic element rates and endemism. The life form categories are given by using the Raunkiaer’s system. Calepina irregularis (Asso) Thell. and Astragalus aduncus Willd. are recorded as new for the square B4. 

In this rewiev, the structure of formazans and of tetrazolium salts has been described. Furthermore, importance and usage of formazan-tetrazolyum systems have been explained. Tautomerization properties and geometric isomers based on conjugate π-system of formazans have been examined. In addition, common synthesis of these compounds and UV-visible, IR, ¹H NMR spectrums used in explanation of structures have been discussed. 

In this study poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) based cryogel column was prepared and its usability for lectin purification from soybean flour was investigated. PHEMA cryogel was characterized by swelling test and scanning electron microscope (SEM). N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) was immobilized to PHEMA cryogel as a ligand by cyanogen bromide activation. Soybean flour extract obtained from soybean seeds was used as source of lectin. Maximum lectin binding from soybean flour was 261 mg/g. Lectin elution from the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine immobilized PHEMA (GalNAc-PHEMA) cryogel was achieved by 0.5 M galactose. Purity of the lectin obtained from soybean flour was investigated by SDS-PAGE. Finally binding-elution cycle was performed for 5 times and no significant decrease was observed at column capacity.