B-ALL is the most common subtype of childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), affecting approximately 85% of children with ALL presents worldwide. Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) monitoring during treatment of ALL is important for the prognosis of the disease. MRD monitoring, which enables early detection of relapse, determination of risk percentage and understanding the effectiveness of treatment, can be performed with multiple methods such as flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and NGS. Asparaginase is an enzyme that has been used in the treatment of ALL since the 1960s, converting asparagine to ammonia and aspartic acid, lowering serum asparagine levels and causing the death of malignant cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of asparaginase added to the ALL IC BFM 2009 treatment protocol in 62 B-ALL patients aged 0-18 years with MRD monitoring by flow cytometry. In our study, Escherichia coli (E.coli.) asparaginase was used primarily and PEG-asparaginase was used after allergy development. The effect of asparaginase on treatment was evaluated by evaluating asparagine concentration and asparaginase activity measured at TP1 (4th week after induction treatment) together with MRD levels. As a result of the study, it was observed that the added asparaginase positively affected the treatment and increased the negativity in MRD levels.

The aim of this study is the selective removal of As(V) ions, the most abundant form of arsenic in drinking water and especially in surface water. For this purpose, a super macroporous polymeric cryogel column was prepared by molecular imprinting technique. Due to the high affinity of arsenic to sulfhydryl (-SH) functional groups, MAC was chosen as the functional monomer. The MAC monomer was synthesized from the amino acid cysteine as a functional monomer. The physicochemical properties of the HEMA-based synthesized poly(HEMA-MAC) cryogel were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface area measurement, elemental analysis and swelling test. Adsorption studies of water were carried out in a continuous flow system. In order to determine the optimum conditions for removal of As(V) ions from water, different parameters such as pH, flow rate, temperature, initial ion concentration and contact time were studied. The maximum As(V) removal of poly(HEMA-MAC) cryogel was 189.4µg/g polymer at pH 5.0 and 15ppm concentration. Selectivity studies were performed in the presence of PO₄^3-, SO₄^2-, and NO₃^- ions. According to the relative k values obtained from the selectivity experiments, the As IIP cryogel exhibits 1.52 times higher selectivity for As(V) ion than PO₄^3- ion, 2.61 times higher selectivity for SO₄^2- ion and 1.53 times higher selectivity for NO₃^- ion than NIP cryogel. From theoretical calculations, it was found that As(V) adsorption fit Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption process obeyed pseudo-second order kinetics.

Scorpion venom, is a neurotoxic secretion produced by the venom glands in telson of scorpions, consisting of many proteins, peptides, and biologically active compounds, and it is commonly used in catching and digesting prey. The peptides within scorpion venoms hold significant pharmacological importance, particularly in the fields of cancer treatment, analgesics, and anesthesia. In recent years, bacteria developing resistance to antibiotics drew a significant level of interest. The present study investigates the antibacterial activity of the venom obtained from Aegaeobuthus gibbosus (Brulle, 1832). The antibacterial effects were observed by applying crude venom by using the dripping method on Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria in suitable environments. As a result, it was determined that the venom of Aegaeobuthus gibbosus is effective against Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria.

Nickel ions were were utilized in this study due to forming of strong complexes with histidine and its ability to interact with histidine-containing proteins and for this goal, an affinity adsorbent of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (p(HEMA) was developed to purify hemoglobin with the assistance of Ni ions. Initially, cryogel membranes of p(HEMA) were prepared and their surfaces were modified with the dopamine monomer to create polydopamine (PDA) modified p(HEMA) cryogel PDA(HEMA) membranes. After the modification, the nickel (Ni) ions were immobilized on PDA(HEMA) for Hb purification in the aqueous solution. According to experimental findings, at pH 5, the adsorbent successfully adsorbed 23.5 mg/g of Hb. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was found to accurately describe this adsorption process, as evidenced by the high R2 and q max values. Furthermore, it was observed that the adsorption capacity of the prepared adsorbent remained consistent without significant decreases, even after multiple uses.

Aim: Calendula officinalis which is also known as marigold is a species of plant in the daisy family that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antitumor properties [1]. In this study the antioxidant activity of calendula officinalis flowers extract was investigated using three different extraction techniques; soxhlet, maceration, and ultrasonic methods. Methods: In this study, soxhlet, maceration and ultrasonic extraction methods were utilized. Ethanol was used as solvent to obtain calendula officinalis extracts. The antioxidant activity of the extracts with different concentrations are investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) solution. Results: DPPH radical scavenging activity for the extract obtained using soxhlet method was found to be the highest of all three methods. Increasing the calendula officinalis extract concentration, was observed to increase it the antioxidant activity as expected. Conclusions: In conclusion, calendula officinalis flowers demonstrate remarkable antioxidant efficacy and soxhlet method can be considered as a better method compared to the other extraction methods utilizing ethanol as the solvent. Further researches for the application of the extract can be studied with different solvents and operating temperatures.

Cancer is a disease in which cells grow abnormally and uncontrollably and destroy body tissue, and it is one of the most important threats to human health. In this study, the interaction of a molecule containing imine and azo groups (DIDA) with tumor growth-related VEGFR2 (PDB ID: 2XIR) and EGFR (PDB ID: 1M17) proteins was investigated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation methods. The molecular docking study revealed that the best binding occurred between DIDA-2XIR with a binding energy of -12.4 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to verify the stability of the DIDA-2XIR complex. RMSD, RMSF, SASA, Rg parameters and number of hydrogen bonds obtained during molecular dynamics simulations showed that the DIDA-2XIR complex was stable at the molecular level. Our findings have made an important contribution to the understanding of the mechanism of interaction of the DIDA with VEGFR2 and support its availability as a potential VEGFR2 inhibitor.

Globally, there is a significant demand for novel agents capable of providing protection against both pathogenic microorganisms and tumor cells. In this study, the antimicrobial, biofilm inhibitory, and anticancer effects of glycine and glycyl-glycine were investigated. The antimicrobial effects were determined using the broth dilution method, while the biofilm inhibitory effects were assessed through the crystal violet binding assay. Cytotoxic effects on HeLa cell and A549 cell line viability were measured using the MTT assay. Our results indicate that, although 100 mg/mL of glycine only inhibited Staphylococcus epidermidis W17 among the three tested isolates, 400 mg/mL of glycyl-glycine inhibited both S. epidermidis W17 and Proteus mirabilis U15 strains. Additionally, sub-MICs (concentrations below the Minimum Inhibition Concentration) of glycine inhibited biofilm formation by more than 70% in all tested clinical isolates and exhibited significantly more biofilm inhibition against P. mirabilis U15 and S. epidermidis W17 strains (p<0.05). A549 and HeLa cell types exhibited a significant reduction in cell viability at concentrations of 0.3 mM and 1 mM compared to the control after treatment with glycine and glycyl-glycine (p<0.001). The results obtained in this study will enhance the development of new strategies using amino acids and dipeptide-based synthesizable molecules, contributing to advancements in drug development research.

The mysterious allure of the deep sea has long captivated the human imagination, hiding secrets beneath its unreadable surface. In our review article, we journey into this fascinating realm, where nature's bioluminescent messengers—such as Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), ZsGreen, Red Fluorescent Protein (RFP), mCherry, TagRFP, mKate, Neptune, HcRed, and Phycoerythrin—reveal the remarkable beauty of the underwater world. This exploration delves into the complex dynamics of bio-imaging, fluorescence properties, and detection methods, unveiling the mesmerizing display of life beneath the waves. Join us as we uncover the stories behind these natural fluorescence probes, shedding light on the extraordinary underwater spectacle that continues to captivate scientists and ocean enthusiasts alike.