Introduction: Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) is a traditional edible-plant in the Anatolia. The leaves and fruits of sumac have been extensively used in folk medicine and alternative therapeutic approaches, because of the presence of many bioactive phytochemicals. Material and Methods: In this study, we aimed to investigate in vitro neuroprotective, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of sumac extracts that were extracted with water, methanol, n-hexane, and dichloromethane. Results and Discussion: According to research results, almost all the tested extracts of sumac remarkable biological activities in a time and dose-dependent manner. Among the extracts, aqueous and methanolic extracts were demonstrated the highest cholinesterase inhibitory activity on both AChE and BChE enzymes, values ranging from 16.16±0.18 to 41.08±0.02% at 200μg/mL concentration. Regarding of MIC assay, all the extracts exhibited more growth-inhibitory effects against gram- negative bacteria strains than gram-positive bacteria strain, and MIC values in range of 3.9-62.5 μg/mL. In terms of DPPH radical scavenging activity, all the tested extracts demonstrated significant antioxidant capacity, methanol extract of sumac seemed to possess stronger scavenging activity (56.11±1.08% at 100 μg/mL concentration) than the other extracts. Conclusion: These findings provide contributions to medicinal uses of sumac in nervous system disorders and microbial diseases as alternative therapeutic agents, along with traditional uses of sumac.