Dear readers of the Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry,

We are pleased to introduce you the fourth issue of Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry. This volume is composed of 12 papers which present some of the leading techniques of biology and chemistry authored by a distinguished group of scientists. 

Dear readers of the Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry,

We are pleased to introduce you the fourth issue of Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry. This volume is composed of 12 papers which present some of the leading techniques of biology and chemistry authored by a distinguished group of scientists.

On behalf of the scientific committee of the Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, we would like to thank all the authors for agreeing to publish their invaluable work in this journal. I hope this volume will add another piece to the complex and exciting puzzle of science and development.

Adil Denizli, PhD

Editor